As far as I can tell the only geniekin with a name change is ifrit. All other changes are to the actual genies. And at least in principle I think the changes are good: ifrit and efreeti are just different ways to transliterate the same Arabic word, as are (and this is much worse) djinn and genie. AFAIK there is nothing relating to earth in the word Shaytan or to water in the word Marid. I don’t know much about the new names, but at least the duplication was surely only there for continuity reasons (which are now a detriment rather than a boon).

This is what used to be flame strike, I would guess.

I believe that is the substitute for alignment damage.